" Batetela ", " Baluba ", " Basonge " : Ethnogenesis in Zaire
نویسنده
چکیده
Résumé T. Turner — « Batetela », « Baluba », « Basonge » : l'ethnogenèse au Zaïre. Les étiquettes ethniques Luba, Songye et Tetela existaient toutes au xixe siècle, et cependant aucune n'avait la signification qu'elle revêt aujourd'hui. Les Européens ont joué un rôle déterminant dans la définition et la redéfinition de ces groupes ethniques en créant et en transformant les stéréotypes de chaque groupe qualifiant certains d'intelligents ou de réceptifs au changement. Les phénomènes d'ethnogénèse relatifs aux Lulua, aux Luba-Kasai, aux Tetela et aux Songye révèlent la non-pertinence non seulement du primordialisme mais également de la vision instrumentale comme cadres généraux d'explication des phénomènes ethniques. La manipulation par les élites des symboles ethniques peut effectivement être observée mais elle a également produit des effets inintentionnels. De même, la vision instrumentale ne rend pas compte des phénomènes d'interaction entre Belges et Africains ou entre chefs et dépendants.
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